![]() ![]() Both GSC (mean change (95%CI): −10.7 (−18.7, −2.8) mm p = 0.008) and MCMT (−19.2 (−28.1, −10.3) mm p < 0.001) had within-group reductions in pain intensity at six months, but did not achieve clinically meaningful thresholds (20mm) within- or between-group. Pain intensity differed favoring MCMT between-groups at week 14 and 16 of treatment (both, p = 0.003), but not at 6-month follow-up. Trunk extension and flexion endurance, leg muscle strength and endurance, paraspinal muscle volume, cardio-respiratory fitness and self-report measures of kinesiophobia, disability and quality of life were assessed at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up. Pain intensity was measured at baseline and fortnightly throughout the intervention. ![]() Participants were randomized to a 6-month intervention of general strength and conditioning (GSC n = 20 up to 52 sessions) or motor control exercise plus manual therapy (MCMT n = 20 up to 12 sessions). Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of two common clinical interventions on physical and self-report measures in CLBP. Reduction in pain intensity is a common outcome however, it is only one measure of intervention efficacy in clinical practice. ![]() Exercise and spinal manipulative therapy are commonly used for the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in Australia. ![]()
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